Why in news?
The Kole Wetlands, also known as the Thrissur-Ponnani Kole Wetlands, are one of the most ecologically and agriculturally significant wetland systems in Kerala.
Location & Extent
- Situated in Thrissur and Malappuram districts, central Kerala.
- Covers about 13,640 hectares (33,700 acres).
- Lies between the Chalakudy River and Bharathappuzha River inflows.
Agricultural Importance
- Known for paddy cultivation dating back over 300 years.
- The word Kole in Malayalam means “bumper crop”, reflecting its high productivity.
- Provides nearly 40% of Kerala’s rice requirement.
Biodiversity & Ramsar Status
- Part of the Vembanad-Kol Wetland, designated as a Ramsar site in 2002.
- Supports large populations of resident and migratory birds.
- Recent studies documented 12 species of pygmy grasshoppers, including four newly recorded species in Kerala.
Ecological Role
- Acts as a natural drainage system for Thrissur, Ponnani, and surrounding areas.
- Helps in flood mitigation during monsoons.
- Provides habitat for fish, clams, and other aquatic life.
The Kole Wetlands are a striking example of how traditional agriculture, biodiversity, and ecological balance can coexist. They’re not just Kerala’s rice bowl but also a critical conservation hotspot.
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