Tetanus and Adult Diphtheria (Td) vaccine
Why in news?
India has officially replaced the TT shot with Td in its immunization program. The Union Health Minister recently launched the vaccine at the Central Research Institute (CRI), Kasauli. This aligns India with global standards and ensures adolescents and adults are protected against both diseases.
About the Td Vaccine
The Tetanus and Adult Diphtheria (Td) vaccine is a combination vaccine that protects against two serious bacterial infections: tetanus (lockjaw) and diphtheria. It is primarily used as a booster dose for adolescents and adults, since immunity from childhood vaccines (like DPT/DTaP) can decline over time.
Key Points
- Composition: Contains tetanus toxoid and reduced diphtheria toxoid (lower dose compared to childhood formulations).
- Purpose: Provides continued protection against tetanus and diphtheria in older age groups.
- Schedule:
- Typically given as a booster every 10 years.
- Also administered in cases of injury (e.g., deep cuts, puncture wounds) if the last booster was more than 5 years ago.
- WHO Recommendation: In 2006, the World Health Organization advised countries to transition from the older Tetanus Toxoid (TT) vaccine to Td, since Td offers broader protection by including diphtheria. This was reaffirmed in 2017.
Tetanus and Adult Diphtheria
- Tetanus: Caused by bacteria entering through wounds; can lead to severe muscle spasms and is often fatal without treatment.
- Diphtheria: Though rare due to childhood immunization, immunity wanes over time. It can cause breathing difficulties, heart failure, and paralysis if not prevented.
- Public Health Impact: Widespread childhood immunization has reduced cases, but booster protection is essential to prevent resurgence.
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