Graphics Processing Units
Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) are specialized processors designed for parallel computing tasks, especially rendering graphics, but now vital for AI, gaming, and data processing.
Why in News?
India and the US recently announced plans to boost trade in technology products, including GPUs and data center gear, amid growing AI demands. India's ₹10,370 crore AI mission subsidizes GPU access for startups, with 40,000 GPUs installed so far, though experts call it insufficient compared to US capacities.
What is a GPU?
- A GPU handles massive parallel calculations via thousands of small cores, excelling at image rendering, video effects, and non-graphics tasks like AI training.
- Unlike CPUs, which manage sequential tasks, GPUs process data streams simultaneously for efficiency in gaming, machine learning, and scientific computing.
- Modern GPUs support advanced features like ray tracing, 4K visuals, and cryptocurrency mining.
Key Applications
- Gaming: Delivers realistic 3D environments, high resolutions, and VR support.
- AI/ML: Accelerates model training on large datasets through parallel processing.
- Content creation: Speeds video editing, 3D modelling, and effects rendering.
- Data science: Analyzes big data and runs complex algorithms quickly.
- Others: Crypt mining, scientific simulations, and colour processing in devices like smartphones.
Other Developments
- AMD's UDNA Radeon GPUs are rumored for mass production in Q2 2026, potentially powering Sony's PS6 with hybrid architecture for better scalability.
- Samsung aims for full GPU independence by 2027, hiring ex-AMD talent and adding thermal fixes like Heat Path Block.
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