Why in news?
In January 2026, scientists involved in DOM were honored at the Republic Day Parade, highlighting its national importance.
About Deep Ocean Mission
Deep Ocean Mission (DOM), launched in 2021, is a flagship initiative of Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) to explore and harness ocean resources sustainably, strengthen the Blue Economy, and develop advanced technologies like the manned submersible MATSYA 6000.
- Objective: To explore deep-sea resources, develop technologies for ocean exploration, and boost India’s Blue Economy.
- It is part of the UN’s Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021–2030).
Key Components
- Samudrayaan Project
- Development of MATSYA 6000, India’s first manned submersible capable of diving up to 6,000 meters.
- In August 2025, Indian aquanauts achieved a 5,000 m deep dive, marking a historic milestone.
- Deep-Sea Mining & Resource Exploration
- Focus on polymetallic nodules containing nickel, cobalt, copper, and manganese.
- Potential to reduce import dependence for critical minerals.
- Marine Biotechnology
- Research on marine organisms for pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and industrial applications.
- Example: Mumbai University received ₹71.74 lakh funding for bio-prospecting marine microalgae for skincare and omega-3 products.
- Ocean Climate Studies
- Advanced modeling to understand ocean’s role in climate regulation and monsoon prediction.
- Technology Development
- Innovations in underwater robotics, sensors, and autonomous vehicles for exploration.
Importance for India
- Economic: Supports fisheries, aquaculture, tourism, and mineral extraction.
- Strategic: Enhances India’s maritime capabilities, crucial given its 7,517 km coastline and 1,382 islands.
- Scientific: Positions India alongside nations like the USA, Russia, China, France, and Japan that have achieved deep-ocean crewed missions.
Challenges
- Technological Risks: Extreme pressure and darkness at 6,000 m depth demand cutting-edge engineering.
- Environmental Concerns: Deep-sea mining could disrupt fragile ecosystems.
- High Costs: Requires sustained funding and global collaboration.
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