Why in news?
Tamil Nadu launched a conservation program in December 2025 targeting smooth-coated otters in the Cauvery Delta across Thanjavur, Thiruvarur, and Cuddalore districts. Funded with ₹20 lakh for 2025–26, it involves population studies using sightings, faecal analysis, camera traps, and eDNA, plus habitat restoration like reed planting and fish ladders to reduce fisherfolk conflicts.
Significance
- Smooth-coated otter (Lutrogale perspicillata) is listed as Vulnerable (IUCN).
- Key role in wetland health and fish population balance.
- First state-level targeted program for otters in Tamil Nadu.
- Aligns with India’s broader wetland conservation and biodiversity goals
About smooth-coated otter
The smooth-coated otter (Lutrogale perspicillata) is a freshwater otter species found across South and Southeast Asia, listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List due to habitat loss, pollution, and poaching.
Key Facts
- Scientific name: Lutrogale perspicillata
- Family: Mustelidae
- Length: ~1.3 meters (including tail)
- Weight: 7–11 kg
- Conservation status: Vulnerable (IUCN Red List, CITES Appendix I)
Distribution & Habitat
- Found in South Asia, Southeast Asia, China, India, and Iraq.
- Prefers lowlands, mangrove forests, peat swamps, freshwater wetlands, rivers, lakes, and rice paddies.
Physical Characteristics
- Smooth, sleek pelage (shorter and glossier than other otters).
- Small eyes and ears, flattened tail, and strong webbed paws for swimming.
- Distinctive hairless nose compared to other otter species.
Threats
- Habitat destruction (wetland drainage, deforestation).
- Pollution of rivers and wetlands.
- Poaching for illegal wildlife trade.
- Human conflict due to competition with fisheries.
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