Buccal Mucosa Cancer (BMC)
Why in news?
Recent studies highlight a strong link between alcohol, tobacco use, and buccal mucosa cancer (BMC) in India, with major news coverage in December 2025. A key study shows that 62% of BMC cases are attributable to these habits, emphasizing prevention through reduced consumption. Even low daily alcohol intake (around one drink) raises risk by 50-68%.​
About
- Definition: Buccal mucosa cancer develops in the inner cheek lining (buccal mucosa), part of the oral cavity.
- Type: It is classified as a head and neck cancer.
- Prevalence: Less common than tongue or lip cancers, but often more aggressive.
Symptoms
- Persistent sore or ulcer inside the cheek that doesn’t heal.
- Raised patches or abnormal thickening in the cheek lining.
- Bleeding or pain in the mouth.
- Difficulty in chewing, swallowing, or opening the mouth.
- In advanced stages: swelling, loose teeth, or jaw pain.
Causes & Risk Factors
- Tobacco use (smoking, chewing, snuff).
- Alcohol consumption (especially combined with tobacco).
- Poor oral hygiene and chronic irritation.
- Age: More common between 50–80 years, but can occur earlier.
- Gender: Slightly more common in men.
Diagnosis
- Physical exam of the mouth.
- Biopsy of suspicious lesions.
- Imaging tests (CT, MRI, PET scans) to check spread.
- Staging determines how far the cancer has advanced.
Treatment Options
- Surgery: Primary treatment, often involving removal of the tumor and surrounding tissue.
- Radiation therapy: Used post-surgery or when surgery isn’t possible.
- Chemotherapy: For advanced or metastatic cases.
- Reconstructive surgery: May be needed to restore oral function and appearance.
Prognosis & Complications
- Early detection improves survival rates significantly.
- Advanced cases may spread to lymph nodes, jawbone, or distant organs.
- Complications include difficulty eating, speaking, and cosmetic changes.
Prevention
- Avoid tobacco and alcohol.
- Maintain good oral hygiene.
- Regular dental check-ups for early detection.
- Awareness of persistent mouth sores is crucial.
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