Nitrofurans
Why in news?
FSSAI has ordered nationwide testing of eggs for nitrofurans residues following public concerns over traces in popular brands like Eggoz.​
About Nitrofurans
- Nitrofurans are a class of synthetic antibacterial agents characterized by a nitrofuran ring structure, primarily used to treat bacterial and protozoal infections.
- They function as prodrugs activated by bacterial nitroreductases, generating reactive intermediates that damage DNA, inhibit protein synthesis, and disrupt cellular processes in pathogens.
- Common examples include nitrofurantoin, nitrofurazone, furazolidone, and furaltadone.​
Veterinary and Human Uses
- Nitrofurantoin treats urinary tract infections in humans and animals via oral or parenteral routes, concentrating in urine due to rapid renal excretion.
- Nitrofurazone serves as a topical agent for wounds in horses and dogs, though its oral use in livestock has been discontinued.
- Furazolidone has antiprotozoal applications but is limited by poor systemic absorption.​
Health Risks
- Nitrofurans are banned synthetic antibiotics due to residues persisting in food like eggs, even after cooking, with links to cancer, genetic damage, liver, and kidney harm in studies.
- They target gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria but pose toxicity concerns for humans. The EU enforces a zero-tolerance policy on these in food-producing animals.​
Regulatory Actions
- FSSAI is expanding checks amid dairy adulteration drives, sensitizing eateries on paneer and khoya while tracking compliance via FoSCoS.
- Testing focuses on metabolites like AOZ from illegal use. This aligns with global bans to protect public health.​
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