SHANTI Bill
Why in news?
The SHANTI Bill, formally the Atomic Energy Bill 2025, was approved by the Union Cabinet on December 12, 2025, to enable private sector participation in India's nuclear energy sector.​
Core Objectives
- The legislation breaks the Department of Atomic Energy's (DAE) monopoly by allowing private sector entry into civil nuclear activities like atomic mineral exploration, fuel fabrication, equipment manufacturing, and plant operations under government oversight.
- DAE retains control over sensitive areas such as heavy water production and nuclear waste management.
- It aligns with the National Nuclear Energy Mission, including ₹20,000 crore for small modular reactors (SMRs) targeting five by 2033.​
Key Reforms
- Amendments to the Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act cap supplier liability, redesign operator insurance to ₹1,500 crore per incident via the Indian Nuclear Insurance Pool, and provide government backstops.
- Up to 49% foreign direct investment is permitted. A new independent nuclear safety authority and specialized tribunal will enhance regulation, transparency, and dispute resolution.​
Strategic Impact
Current capacity stands at about 8.8 GW from 25 reactors, with plans for 22 GW by 2032. Private participation addresses funding and technology gaps for rapid expansion.
Download Pdf
