Norovirus
Why in news?
Norovirus cases are surging across the United States, with test positivity rates doubling to nearly 14% in recent weeks compared to 7% in August. Wastewater data shows a 69% nationwide increase since mid-October, particularly in states like Louisiana, Michigan, Indiana, the Northeast, and Midwest.
About Norovirus
- Norovirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide, affecting people of all ages.
- It causes symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, watery diarrhea, stomach cramps, and sometimes fever.
- Symptoms generally start within 12 to 48 hours after exposure and last 1 to 3 days.
- Transmission occurs via the fecal-oral route, through contaminated food, water, surfaces, or close person-to-person contact.
- It is highly contagious and can spread rapidly in crowded environments like nursing homes, schools, hospitals, and cruise ships.
- There is no specific antiviral treatment; management is supportive, focusing on hydration to prevent dehydration.
- Good hand hygiene and disinfecting contaminated surfaces are key preventive measures.
- Norovirus can survive on surfaces for long periods and is resistant to some common disinfectants.
- Vulnerable groups such as young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals are at higher risk of severe illness.
- Norovirus outbreaks are common in colder months but can occur year-round.
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