International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
Why in news?
Director General Rafael Mariano Grossi of the IAEA said today that two Ukrainian nuclear power plants (NPPs) have been operating at reduced capacity for the past ten days after a military attack damaged an electrical substation critical for nuclear safety and security.
Key Facts and Mission of IAEA
- Founded in 1957, headquartered in Vienna, Austria.
- Its mission includes fostering the use of nuclear science and technology for peace, health, and prosperity while ensuring nuclear materials are not diverted to weapons.
- The IAEA provides technical assistance, promotes nuclear safety standards, and verifies the peaceful use of nuclear materials through an extensive inspection regime.
- Reports to both the UN General Assembly and Security Council but is governed by its Statute.
Major Functions
- Promotional Activities: Supports members in nuclear energy applications, nuclear safety, cancer therapy, agriculture (mutation breeding), and radiation protection.
- Verification and Safeguards: Inspects nuclear facilities, monitors nuclear fuel cycles, and addresses non-proliferation issues under agreements like the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT).
- Safety and Security: Develops global nuclear safety standards, manages responses to emergencies, and assists countries to detect and prevent illicit trafficking of radioactive material.
Membership
- As of 2021, there are 173 member states with active participation from countries including India, which has a longstanding role since the organization's inception.
- India has contributed to cancer care technology, nuclear safety research, and various technical programs led by the IAEA.
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