• Birsa Munda (1875–1900) was a revered Indian tribal freedom fighter, religious leader, and folk hero who led a significant independence movement against British colonial rule.
• He is often referred to by tribal communities as "Dharti Aaba" (Father of the Earth) and "Bhagwan" (God). 
• Munda Rebellion (Ulgulan): Birsa Munda is most famous for spearheading the Munda Rebellion, or Ulgulan (The Great Tumult), in the late 19th century. This movement was a fierce uprising against British oppression, including unfair land-grabbing practices by local landlords (zamindars) and the restrictive Forest Laws that denied tribals access to their traditional lands.
• Advocacy for Tribal Rights: He united various tribal communities, including the Munda, Oraon, and Kharia tribes, under the banner of an independent Munda Raj. His struggle played a crucial role in the eventual passing of the Chotanagpur Tenancy Act in 1908, which restricted the transfer of tribal land to non-tribals and banned forced labor.
• Social and Religious Reform: Birsa Munda also acted as a social and religious reformer, urging his people to return to their traditional customs, reject the Christian missionaries' conversion activities, and adhere to a code of conduct.
• "Janjatiya Gaurav Diwas": In recognition of his pivotal role in India's freedom struggle, the Government of India declared his birthday, November 15, as 'Janjatiya Gaurav Diwas' (Tribal Pride Day). This date also marks the formation day of the state of Jharkhand, which was created in his honor in 2000. 

• PM Modi took to social media to emphasize the “unparalleled contribution” of Birsa Munda in protecting the pride of the motherland, calling him “Dharti Aaba” (Father of the Earth).​
• The Prime Minister extended greetings to the people of Jharkhand on their state's foundation day, acknowledging the state’s rich tribal culture and the legacy of Birsa Munda.​
• A major national ceremony marking the 150th birth anniversary was held in Gujarat’s Narmada district, presided over by PM Modi, with the announcement of development projects worth over ₹9,700 crore for the state.​
• The day was marked by cultural programs, exhibitions, and a special play depicting Birsa Munda’s life and legacy, with wide participation from tribal communities.​

• Birsa Munda, born in 1875 in what is now Jharkhand, led the Ulgulan movement against British colonial rule and inspired tribal communities to fight for land rights and social reform.​
• The year 2025 is observed as “Janjatiya Gaurav Varsh”—a year dedicated to honoring tribal heritage and acknowledging the contributions of tribal leaders in India’s history.​
• Across the country, the milestone has led to a renewed focus on tribal rights, heritage, and discussions about uplifting marginalized communities through government initiatives.​

• Alongside the Prime Minister, President Droupadi Murmu, Vice President CP Radhakrishnan, and other senior leaders paid tributes to Birsa Munda, with floral offerings and commemorative events held at various locations.​
• The celebrations underscored Birsa Munda’s enduring influence as a symbol of courage, resistance to injustice, and empowerment for India’s tribal communities.​

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