Koraga Tribe
A groundbreaking genomic study led by researchers from Mangalore University and Yenepoya (Deemed-to-be University) has identified a distinct ancestral source in the Koraga tribe that may date back to the Indus Valley Civilisation
About Koraga Tribe
The Koraga are an indigenous tribal community and one of the Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) in India, found predominantly in the Dakshina Kannada and Udupi districts of Karnataka and the Kasaragod district of Kerala. Historically marginalized and considered untouchables by mainstream society, they have a unique culture, language, and traditional practices, which they are actively working to preserve against modern challenges.
Key Aspects of the Koraga Tribe
- Population and Location: As per the 2011 census, their total population was around 16,376, with the majority in Karnataka. Recent reports indicate a declining population due to factors like malnutrition, limited healthcare access, and low birth rates.
- Language: The Koragas have their own independent Dravidian language (Koraga Bhasha) but most members are now bilingual, also speaking Tulu, Kannada, or Malayalam due to interaction with surrounding communities.
- Traditional Occupations: Traditionally, the Koragas were forest-dwellers and relied on forest produce for their livelihood. Their primary traditional skill is basket-making using bamboo and creepers, and they often work as agricultural or daily wage laborers.
Culture and Rituals
- Music and Dance: They are known for their traditional drum beating (dholu or dollu) and flute music (voote), which are integral to their rituals and social gatherings. The drum sound was traditionally believed to drive away evil spirits.
- Bhuta Worship: They regard themselves as Hindus but follow a distinct tribal religious system that involves the worship of spirits known as Bhutas (e.g., Panjurli, Kallurti, Guliga).
- Social Structure: They traditionally followed a matrilineal family system and have a unique clan system known as "bali".
- Social Challenges: The community has historically faced severe discrimination and untouchability. A particularly inhumane practice, known as "Ajalu," involved forcing them to consume obnoxious substances and run like buffaloes during festivals. This practice was legally prohibited by the Karnataka Koragas (Prohibition of Ajalu Practice) Act, 2000, although occasional instances are still reported in remote areas.
- Current Status and Government Support: The government and NGOs have initiated programs to help the Koraga community, focusing on improving access to education, healthcare, housing, and land rights. Efforts are also being made to document and preserve their unique language and cultural heritage.
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