• The past 11 years, from 2015 to 2025, are set to be the warmest period since records began 176 years ago.
• The global mean temperature from January to August 2025 stood at about 1.42°C above pre-industrial levels.
• Greenhouse gas concentrations (CO₂, methane, nitrous oxide) reached record high levels in 2024 and continue to rise in 2025, with CO₂ concentration increase between 2023 and 2024 being a record 3.5 ppm.
• Arctic sea ice extent after winter was the lowest on record, and Antarctic sea ice extent remained well below average throughout the year.
• Ocean heat content reached its highest recorded level in 2024, contributing to glacier ice loss.
• The global water cycle is disrupted, with unusual precipitation and river discharge anomalies, notably affecting Asian basins like the Ganges and Indus.
• Investments in clean energy now exceed those in fossil fuels by $800 billion, but political courage is still lacking.
• Early warning systems for climate hazards have significantly improved but still have gaps, with 40% of countries lacking multi-hazard early warnings.

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