• Also known as the Oriental White Ibis, Indian White Ibis, and Black-Necked Ibis,
• These are called wader birds due to their adaptability to a wide variety of aquatic environments
• Scientific name: Threskiornis melanocephalus
• Size: 65–76 cm in length
• Appearance: White body, black bare head and neck, black down-curved beak and legs
• Habitat: Diverse wetlands and agricultural landscapes
• Range: South and Southeast Asia (India to Japan)
• Conservation status: Near Threatened (IUCN), protected under India's Wildlife Protection Act
• Behavior: Forages widely, nests in heronries during monsoon, mostly silent except grunts
• Population trend: Stable or increasing in India, declining in some Southeast Asian countries

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