Why in news?
A recent study in highlights significant reductions in rotavirus-related gastroenteritis hospitalizations after the introduction of an indigenous rotavirus vaccine across the country, indicating progress in controlling viral gastroenteritis.

Causes of gastroenteritis

• Viral infection, with norovirus and rotavirus being prevalent agents.
• Bacteria such as Campylobacter and Escherichia coli, parasites, and chemical irritants can also cause gastroenteritis.
• It spreads via contaminated food or water, close contact with infected people.

Symptoms

• Inflammation of the stomach and intestines

• Diarrhea , vomiting, stomach cramps, and nausea.
• Fever, chills, muscle aches, headache.
• In children and vulnerable people, severe dehydration is a risk due to fluid loss.

Treatment and Prevention

• Most cases resolve without medical treatment; using oral rehydration solutions to prevent dehydration.
• Prevention focuses on hygiene measures such as frequent handwashing, avoiding contaminated food and water, and vaccination (rotavirus vaccine for children).
• Antibiotics are usually not needed except in specific bacterial infections with severe symptoms.

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