Why in news?
The Supreme Court directed 17 states and 8 Union Territories to frame rules within four months for the registration of Sikh marriages solemnized under the Anand Marriage Act, 1909. 
 
Historical and Social Context

• The Act was originally enacted by the British Imperial Legislative Council in 1909 to formally recognize Sikh marriage traditions.
• Before this Act, Sikh marriages were registered under Hindu laws, which did not reflect or respect Sikh religious identity.
• The 2012 Amendment was aimed at enabling Sikhs to register their marriages under their own tradition and to resolve issues caused by lack of official registration.

Key Provisions of the Anand Marriage Act, 1909

• It validates Sikh marriages solemnized through the Anand Karaj ceremony.
• Applies only to Sikhs; marriages of non-Sikhs or those declared void are exempt.
• The Act does not invalidate any other Sikh marriage ceremony.
• The 2012 amendment added provisions for marriage registration under this Act.
• Registration rules are to be framed by states and UTs for implementation.

Significance

• Upholds Sikh religious identity by recognizing their traditional marriage ceremony.
• Provides a legal framework distinct from the Hindu Marriage Act.
• Registration under this Act ensures evidentiary value and legal recognition in areas like inheritance, maintenance, and succession.

Conclusion
Despite these positive steps, critics note that the Anand Marriage Act still has gaps, particularly regarding divorce, custody, and other matrimonial rights, which are not covered under the Act.
The Supreme Court ruling emphasizes the need for uniformity and timely rule-making by states to fulfill the statutory promises of the Act effectively.

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