Why in news?
World Ozone Day 2025 was observed globally on September 16 under the theme "From Science to Global Action." This day highlights the critical role of the ozone layer in protecting life on Earth by blocking harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
 
History and Significance

• The Vienna Convention: The journey began with the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer in 1985.
• The Montreal Protocol: Following the discovery of the Antarctic ozone hole the Montreal Protocol signed on September 16, 1987 on production and consumption of Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer.
• Universal Ratification: A significant milestone was achieved on September 16, 2009, when the Vienna Convention and the Montreal Protocol became the first treaties in United Nations history to achieve universal ratification.
• The Kigali Amendment: In 2016, the Kigali Amendment was adopted to phase down the production and consumption of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). 

This day underscores the success of international cooperation in environmental protection and the continuing need for vigilance to protect the ozone layer for future generations.

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