Why in news?
The Government has brought biostimulant products under the stringent regulatory framework of the Fertilizer Control Order (FCO), 1985. This marks a major shift from a previously unregulated market of nearly 30,000 biostimulant products to a controlled environment ensuring quality and safety.
The stricter regulations require all biostimulant products to undergo bio-efficacy trials and testing at government-approved institutions such as the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and affiliated universities. This is to ensure scientific validation of biostimulant claims before market approval.
 
About Biostimulant

• Biostimulant are substances or microorganisms applied to plants or soil to stimulate natural processes that enhance nutrient uptake, nutrient use efficiency, stress tolerance, crop quality, and yield independently of the product’s nutrient content.
• They are distinct from fertilizers and pesticides, focusing mainly on improving plant vigor and resilience rather than directly supplying nutrients or controlling pests.

Types of Biostimulant

• Protein Hydrolysates and Amino Acids: Derived from hydrolysis of proteins, provide essential amino acids that stimulate root growth and nutrient absorption.
• Humic and Fulvic Acids: Organic compounds that improve soil health, nutrient availability, and microbial activity.
• Seaweed Extracts and Botanicals: Rich in bioactive compounds that aid water retention and improve plant vigor.
• Beneficial Microorganisms: Including bacteria and fungi that promote root growth and nutrient assimilation.
• Chitosan and Biopolymers: Derived from chitin, help plants tolerate stress.
• Inorganic Compounds: Elements like silica and selenium that strengthen plants.

Benefits of Biostimulant Products

• Enhance nutrient use efficiency and uptake.
• Improve tolerance to abiotic stresses (drought, salinity, temperature).
• Boost crop yield, quality, and overall plant health.
• Support sustainable agriculture by reducing reliance on chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

Concern regarding recent regulations
These regulatory changes have raised compliance costs and operational challenges, particularly for small and medium biostimulant manufacturers, with warnings that many may be forced out of business due to the stringent norms and testing requirements.

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