Daily Current Affairs 2025  

19/10/2025

WhatsApp Email Facebook Share

CA-19/10/2025

 
Why in news?

• World Osteoporosis Day 2025 was observed globally on October 20 with the theme "It's Unacceptable," emphasizing the critical and preventable crisis in osteoporosis care.
• The campaign highlighted that despite over 500 million people being affected worldwide
• Osteoporosis remains underdiagnosed and undertreated, especially after fragility fractures, causing significant chronic pain, disability, and loss of independence. 

About osteoporosis

• Osteoporosis is a bone disease characterized by weakened bones that become thin, porous, and less dense, making them more fragile and prone to fractures.
• It progresses silently without symptoms until a bone breaks, commonly affecting the hip, wrist, and spine.
• The condition results from an imbalance where bone resorption exceeds bone formation

Key points

• Symptoms: Often none early on; signs appear after fractures, which may cause pain, loss of height, stooped posture, or bone breaks after mild stress.
• Risk factors: Age, gender, ethnicity, family history, early menopause, certain medications, lifestyle habits.
• Diagnosis: Bone mineral density is measured by tests like DEXA scans.
• Treatment and prevention: Includes weight-bearing exercise, adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, medication to strengthen bones, quitting smoking, and moderating alcohol use.
• Complications: Fractures can cause long-term pain, reduced mobility, and increased mortality risk especially after hip fractures.

 
   
Why in news?

• The Notaries (Amendment) Rules, 2025, were notified by the Department of Legal Affairs, Ministry of Law and Justice, through G.S.R. 763(E) dated October 17, 2025.
• These rules amend the Notaries Rules, 1956 under the authority of Section 15 of the Notaries Act, 1952.

Key points of the amendment

• The maximum number of notaries that can be appointed by the State Governments of Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan, and Nagaland has been increased to meet growing demand due to population growth and administrative expansion.
• The new limits are:
  • Gujarat: increased from 2,900 to 6,000
  • Tamil Nadu: increased from 2,500 to 3,500
  • Rajasthan: increased from 2,000 to 3,000
  • Nagaland: increased from 200 to 400
• The amendment reflects requests from these State Governments and acknowledges the rise in the number of districts, tehsils, and talukas, alongside the corresponding demand for notary services.
• These rules came into effect upon their publication in the Official Gazette on October 17, 2025.
• Notaries are public officials who verify, authenticate, and certify the execution of documents, administer oaths, witness signatures, and help prevent fraud in legal transactions.

This amendment aims to enhance access to legal document services and strengthen grassroots legal infrastructure in these states, facilitating smoother legal and commercial transactions and supporting ease of doing business and justice delivery in India.
 
 
   
Why in news?
Ministry of Women & Child Development gets award   for outstanding contribution to implementation of pmjanman
 
Key features of PMJANMAN

• Saturating Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTG) families and habitations with basic facilities such as secure housing (under PM-AWAS), clean drinking water, sanitation, education, health and nutrition, improved road and telecom connectivity.
• Promoting sustainable livelihood opportunities.
• Provision of off-grid solar power systems for electrifying one lakh un-electrified households in PVTG areas.
• The scheme covers 11 critical interventions implemented through collaboration of 9 line ministries.
• An allocation of Rs. 15,000 crore was made for the next three years to implement this mission through the Development Action Plan for Scheduled Tribes (DAPST).
• An extensive Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) campaign is underway to raise awareness among PVTG communities about their entitlements and facilitate access to other government schemes like Ayushman Bharat, PM Kisan Samman Nidhi, and Kisan Credit Card.
• The scheme also includes setting up Van Dhan Vikas Kendras for forest produce trading and health and beneficiary saturation camps.

PMJANMAN is designed to mainstream tribal communities while addressing their multiple vulnerabilities and promoting inclusive development tailored to their unique needs and challenges.


   
Why in news?
BY 528 (Magdala) is the sixth vessel in the series of eight Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Crafts (ASW SWC) launched by the Indian Navy on 18 October 2025, at Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL), Kochi.
 
Key features of BY 528 (Magdala)

• Propulsion by three diesel engine-powered waterjets allowing a maximum speed of 25 knots.
• A length of 78 meters and displacement of 896 tonnes with an endurance of 1,800 nautical miles.
• Equipped with advanced sensors such as a Hull Mounted Sonar and Low Frequency Variable Depth Sonar (LFVDS), which enhance underwater domain awareness.
• Armament includes state-of-the-art torpedoes, Anti-Submarine Rockets, an NSG-30 Gun, and a 12.7 mm Stabilized Remote Control Gun (SRCG).

BY 528 (Magdala) highlights India’s strategic push for indigenous defense manufacturing, employment generation, and technological self-sufficiency in naval shipbuilding.
 
 
   
Why in news?
The Titanium & Superalloy Materials Plant is a state-of-the-art manufacturing facility inaugurated in October 2025 at the Strategic Materials Technology Complex of PTC Industries in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh.
 
Key points

• The plant is operated by Aeroalloy Technologies Limited, a subsidiary of PTC Industries Limited.
• It has a production capacity exceeding 6,000 tonnes per annum, making it the world's largest single-site titanium remelting facility.
• It uses cutting-edge technologies such as Vacuum Arc Remelting (VAR), Electron Beam (EB) melting, Plasma Arc Melting (PAM), and Vacuum Induction Melting (VIM).
• The plant manufactures aviation-grade titanium and superalloy materials critical for defence and aerospace sectors, including parts for fighter jets, missiles, naval systems, and satellites.
• With this plant, India joins a select group of nations that can produce these strategic materials domestically, reducing reliance on imports.

The plant supports the Government of India's "Aatmanirbhar Bharat" (self-reliant India) initiative by boosting indigenous manufacturing capabilities in strategic materials.
 
 
   
Why in news?
Nafithromycin is India's first indigenously developed macrolide antibiotic aimed at tackling antimicrobial resistance (AMR), especially in respiratory infections.
 
Key points

• It is developed with support from the Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC) and marketed under the trade name "Miqnaf".?
• Nafithromycin is the first molecule entirely conceptualized, developed, and clinically validated in India.?
• Designed specifically to treat Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia (CABP), caused by drug-resistant bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae.?
• It targets both typical bacteria and atypical pathogens associated with respiratory infections, making it effective against resistant strains.?
• Nafithromycin is a macrolide-class antibiotic working by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis through binding the 50S ribosomal subunit, halting bacterial growth.?
• It is effective against resistant respiratory infections.?
• It shows superior safety, minimal side effects, and no significant drug interactions.?
• Effective against multidrug-resistant bacteria including several resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus.?

Nafithromycin's development is a significant milestone for India’s public health and pharmaceutical innovation, addressing the global challenge of AMR which causes high mortality and treatment difficulties worldwide.?
 
Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)

• It is a major global public health threat that occurs when microorganisms—bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites—develop the ability to resist the effects of antimicrobial medicines designed to kill them.
• This resistance makes infections harder or sometimes impossible to treat, leading to increased disease spread, severe illness, disability, and mortality.
• AMR threatens many medical advances, making procedures like surgeries, organ transplants, cancer chemotherapy, and treatment of chronic diseases riskier due to ineffective infection control.

Download Pdf