Daily Current Affairs 2025  

07/10/2025

WhatsApp Email Facebook Share

CA-07/10/2025

 
Why in news?

• The nationwide campaign "Your Capital, Your Right" was launched by Finance Minister in October 2025 to raise awareness and facilitate accessibility for claiming unclaimed funds through the UDGAM portal.
• It will help people reclaim unclaimed financial assets worth ?1.84 trillion lying dormant in banks, mutual funds, shares, and other instruments.

• The efforts aim to return dormant money to rightful owners or heirs, turning unclaimed assets back into productive resources for citizens.

Key features of the UDGAM portal

• The UDGAM portal (Unclaimed Deposits-Gateway to Access Information) is an online platform developed by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).
• it helps individuals search for and claim unclaimed bank deposits across multiple banks in a centralized manner. 

• Users need to register and log in using credentials.
• The portal displays results including account holder name, bank name, place, and an Unclaimed Deposit Reference Number (UDRN).
• Clicking on the bank name directs users to the bank's detailed instructions for claiming or activating the unclaimed deposit.

As of July 1, 2025, over 8.5 lakh users had registered on the UDGAM portal and accessed their information.
 
 
   
Why in news?
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2025 was awarded jointly to Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi for their groundbreaking discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance.

Key Discoveries

• Shimon Sakaguchi discovered regulatory T cells in 1995.
• Mary Brunkow and Fred Ramsdell identified that mutations in the FOXP3 gene caused immune dysfunctions, which control the development and function of regulatory T cells.
• Their combined research showed how the immune system maintains peripheral tolerance, preventing it from attacking the body.

Significance

• Advances understanding of autoimmune diseases where the immune system attacks the body.
• Opens possibilities for enhancing cancer immunotherapies by targeting regulatory T cells.
• Improves transplantation outcomes by better regulating immune responses.

The Nobel Prize winners announced so far in 2025

• Physics: John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret, and John M. Martinis for the discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantisation in an electric circuit. Their work opens doors for the next generation of quantum technologies like quantum computers and cryptography.
• Chemistry: Susumu Kitagawa, Richard Robson, and Omar M. Yaghi for the development of metal–organic frameworks. These frameworks have wide applications like harvesting water from desert air, capturing carbon dioxide, and storing toxic gases.
• Literature: Hungarian author László Krasznahorkai for "his compelling and visionary oeuvre that, in the midst of apocalyptic terror, reaffirms the power of art".

The Nobel Peace Prize (announcement on October 10, 2025) and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (announcement on October 13, 2025) are yet to be announced.
 

   
Why in news?
Recent research from Tampere University in Finland highlights significant findings about Viridans streptococci related to heart disease. 
 
About Viridans streptococci

• Viridans streptococci are a large group of alpha-hemolytic, Gram-positive cocci bacteria
• Theas are commonly found as part of the normal flora in the human oral cavity, as well as the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and female genital tracts.
• They produce a greenish coloration on blood agar due to alpha-hemolysis, hence the name "viridans" (Latin for green).
• These bacteria do not have Lancefield antigens and are generally of low pathogenicity in healthy individuals.

How Viridans streptococci can lead to heart attacks ?

• Viridans streptococci are oral bacteria that can enter the bloodstream through oral trauma or dental procedures and adhere to damaged heart tissue or atherosclerotic plaques.
• These bacteria have the ability to form biofilms—sticky protective layers—that allow them to persist hidden deep inside arterial plaques.
• The biofilms enable Viridans streptococci to evade the immune system and survive in the plaques for long periods.
• Over time, fragments of these biofilms can break loose, triggering inflammation in the arterial wall.
• This inflammation weakens the fibrous cap covering the fatty plaque within the coronary arteries.
• The damaged cap can rupture, leading to clot formation which can block blood flow, causing a heart attack.
• Viridans streptococci are also a major cause of infective endocarditis, especially on previously damaged valves, leading to complications that may also influence cardiovascular events.

 

   
Why in news?
Border Roads Organisation (BRO) has completed and opened the world's highest motorable road at Mig La Pass in Ladakh.
 
Key points about Mig La Pass

• Location: Mig La Pass is situated in Ladakh in the eastern part of the union territory, near the Line of Actual Control (LAC) with China.

• Altitude: It is the world's highest motorable road, at an altitude of 19,400 feet (5,913 meters).
• Record: It surpassed the previous highest motorable road record held by Umling La Pass (19,024 feet).
• Strategic Importance: Enhances connectivity and mobility for the Indian Army in this sensitive border region.
• Connectivity: Links the Hanle region with the border village of Fukche, improving access to remote border areas.
• Impact: Provides year-round, all-weather road connectivity to isolated border villages, boosting logistics, promoting tourism, and improving the local population's quality of life.

The road improves accessibility, shortens travel times, and supports the movement of essential supplies throughout the year. 
 
 
   
Key points about the Bhavani River

• The Bhavani River is an interstate river flowing through the states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala.
• It originates in the Nilgiri Hills of the Western Ghats in Tamil Nadu and initially flows into Kerala through the Silent Valley National Park.
• After flowing through Kerala, the river returns to Tamil Nadu and flows mainly through Coimbatore and Erode districts.
• It is approximately 217 kilometers long and is a perennial river, meaning it flows throughout the year.
• The Bhavani River is the second largest river in Tamil Nadu and a major tributary of the Cauvery River, joining it near the town of Bhavani.
• The river basin covers about 6,200 square kilometers, with 87% in Tamil Nadu, 9% in Kerala, and 4% in Karnataka.
• About 90% of the river's water is used for irrigation in agriculture.
• Major tributaries include the West and East Varagar rivers, Siruvani, Kodungarapallam, Coonoor, and Moyar rivers.
• Important dams on the river include the Bhavanisagar Dam (one of the largest earthen dams in the world) and the Kodiveri Dam.
• The Bhavani River holds ecological, agricultural, and cultural significance, with the Bhavani Sangameshwarar Temple located at its confluence with the Cauvery River.

 

   
Why in news?
Male Mahadeshwar Wildlife Sanctuary registerd serious issues of tiger deaths mainly due to poisoning of cattle carcasses, which is tied to human-wildlife conflict.
 
About Male Mahadeshwara Wildlife Sanctuary

• Location: Situated in Chamarajanagar district, Karnataka, near the Tamil Nadu border. It lies at the intersection of the Western and Eastern Ghats and is bound by the Kaveri River to the northeast and by the Palar River to the south.
• Establishment: Declared a wildlife sanctuary in 2013, covering an area of about 906 square kilometers.
• Contiguous Protected Areas: It is contiguous to Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple Tiger Reserve (Karnataka), Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve (Tamil Nadu), and Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary (Karnataka).
• Biodiversity: The sanctuary mainly comprises dry deciduous forests with patches of moist deciduous, semi-evergreen, evergreen, and shola forests. Its flora includes species such as Anogeissus latifolia, Boswellia serrata, and Hardwikia binata.
• Fauna: It is home to diverse wildlife including Bengal tiger (with the population increasing), Indian elephant, Indian leopard, gaur (Indian bison), wild boar, dhole, spotted and barking deer, sambar, four-horned antelope, black-naped hare, common langur, bonnet macaque, honey badger, and reptiles like the Kollegal ground gecko.
• Cultural Significance: Named after the Male Mahadeshwara Temple dedicated to Lord Shiva, which is a significant pilgrimage site within the sanctuary.
• Conservation Status: The sanctuary is pending notification as a tiger reserve, which would make Karnataka have six tiger reserves.

The sanctuary serves as a key ecological corridor connecting multiple protected areas in the region, enhancing conservation of wide-ranging species like tigers and elephants.
 
 
   
Why in news?
International Abhidhamma Divas 2025 was celebrated on October 6-7 at Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, organized by the International Buddhist Confederation (IBC) in collaboration with Ministry of Culture. 
 
Key Points about International Abhidhamma Divas (IAD)

• IAD commemorates on the day Lord Buddha descended from the celestial realm of the thirty-three divine beings (T?vati?sa-devaloka) to Sankassiya in Uttar Pradesh after delivering the Abhidhamma, regarded as his "Higher Teaching."

• Date and Origin: Observed on the full moon day of the ?harada P?r?im? lunar month (commonly in October), marking the Buddha's descent from the T?vati?sa-devaloka celestial realm to Sankassiya (Sankisa), Uttar Pradesh.
• Historical Significance: Commemorates Buddha preaching the Abhidhamma first to gods in Tavatimsa heaven, led by his mother, then transmitting it to his disciple Sariputta upon returning to earth.
• Philosophical Importance: The Abhidhamma is considered a deep doctrinal and ethical teaching in Buddhism, focusing on mental discipline, ethical conduct, self-awareness, and psychological insight.
• Connection to Rainy Retreat: The Divas coincides with the end of the traditional three-month Buddhist monastic rainy retreat (Vassa) and the Pav?ra?? festival celebrating monks' communal confession and reflection. 

 
   
Why in news?
The Indian Radio Software Architecture (IRSA) 1.0 is India's first national standardized software architecture specification for Software Defined Radios (SDRs), officially released in October 2025 by the DRDO in collaboration with the Integrated Defence Staff (IDS) and the Tri-Services.
 
Key Features of IRSA 1.0

• Standardized software specification for SDRs including uniform APIs and interfaces.
• Portability of waveforms across different hardware platforms such as GPPs, DSPs, and FPGAs.
• Security APIs enabling integration of cryptographic and cybersecurity functions.
• Certification and conformance standards for interoperability across Army, Navy, Air Force.
• Based on and adapted from global SDR standards like SCA 4.1 (NATO).
• Supports a wide range of SDR types, characterized by radio profiles (lightweight to heavy).
• Designed to evolve with future defense communication technologies.

Significance

• Enables joint operations with interoperable military communication radios.
• Enhances self-reliance in defense communication technology.
• Facilitates export potential for IRSA-compliant SDR technologies to friendly nations.
• Encourages a collaborative ecosystem with academia, industry, and defense organizations.
• Positions India as a global standard-setter in SDR software architecture.

This standard represents a pioneering technological milestone for India's defense communication infrastructure under the banner of indigenous innovation and strategic autonomy.
 
 
   
Why in news?
The India AI Impact Summit 2026 is a major global event hosted by India, scheduled for February 19-20, 2026 at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi. It marks the first time a Global South nation will host the summit. 
 
Features of the Summit

• Flagship Initiatives include the AI Pitch Fest (UDAAN) showcasing startups from Tier 2 and 3 cities, Global Innovation Challenges promoting AI solutions for public good, and a large AI Expo.
• Seven thematic "Chakras" guide cooperation and focus areas: Human Capital, Inclusion for Social Empowerment, Safe & Trusted AI, Resilience and Efficiency, Science, Democratizing AI Resources, and AI for Economic Development and Social Good.
• Indigenous AI foundational model projects are being launched targeting multilingual, healthcare, scientific, industrial, governance, and agricultural applications.
• The official summit logo incorporates the Ashoka Chakra, blended with neural network flares depicting AI’s transformative reach.

Significance of the Summit

• It positions India as a global convener for the Global South on AI governance and development.
• It advances in leveraging technology for inclusive growth, social development, and sustainability, reflecting India's ambition to make AI accessible and beneficial for all sections.
• The summit aims to foster multilateral partnerships, public-private collaborations, and spanning governments, industry, academia, startups, and civil society.
• Outcomes from the summit are expected to shape India’s domestic AI regulatory landscape and contribute to global AI governance frameworks.

India AI Impact Summit 2026 is a landmark event aimed at promoting responsible, impactful, and equitable AI development and deployment, with a strong emphasis on ethics, indigenous innovation, and global collaboration.
 
 
   
Why in news?
World Cerebral Palsy Day 2025 was observed on October 6 with the theme "Unique and United," celebrating the individuality of people with cerebral palsy (CP) while highlighting the strength of a united global community. 
 
Key points about World Cerebral Palsy Day

• Established in 2012 by the Cerebral Palsy Alliance (Australia) and United Cerebral Palsy (USA) to bring together people with CP, their families, and advocates globally.
• Importance: Raises awareness of cerebral palsy, the estimated 18 million people living with CP worldwide, and advocates for early intervention, support, and inclusion.
• Activities: Awareness campaigns, fundraising events, workshops, seminars, community participation, and lighting landmarks in green (the color symbolizing hope and new beginnings).
• CP Facts: CP is the most common motor disability, affecting about 1 in 345 children; it is not progressive; it includes five types—spastic, dyskinetic, ataxic, hypotonic, and mixed.
• The movement promotes policy changes, research investments, lifelong care, and equitable access to healthcare and education.

The global campaign also highlights the need to reduce stigma, improve treatment options, and celebrate the diverse capabilities of people living with CP.
 
 

Download Pdf