Daily Current Affairs 2025  

12/09/2025

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CA-12/09/2025

Why in news?
Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances (DARPG) in collaboration with the Government of Bihar held A two-day National Conference on “Holistic Development of Districts” on September 11-12, 2025, in Patna, Bihar.
 
Five guiding pillars outlined for holistic district development emphasizing that progress must be comprehensive, inclusive, and citizen-centric.

• saturating government schemes to the last mile,
• fostering convergence between Centre, State, and Panchayati Raj Institutions,
• encouraging stakeholder participation,
• innovation in governance,
• replication of successful models nationwide.

Abuot holistic development of a district

• The holistic development of a district refers to a comprehensive, inclusive approach focused on improving multiple socio-economic dimensions simultaneously.
• It aims to foster balanced growth in health, education, infrastructure, agriculture, financial inclusion, governance, and community participation to uplift the quality of life and economic potential of the entire district.

Prominent Initiative: Aspirational Districts Programme (ADP)

• Launched in 2018, ADP targets underdeveloped districts to transform them through a focus on improving foundational sectors using a competitive and convergent approach.
• It rated districts monthly on 49 indicators grouped into health & nutrition, education, agriculture & water, financial inclusion & skill development, and infrastructure.
• The programme replaces the notion of "backward districts" with an aspirational identity that fosters pride and competitiveness among districts to drive inclusive growth.
• Targeting 100 districts for agricultural enhancement based on the Aspirational District Programme’s model.

Strategic Framework for District Development

• Preparation of inclusive district profiles and SWOT analysis.
• Visioning and planning district growth trajectories aligned with state and national goals.
• Identification and support of key sectors driving district growth.
• Formation of actionable and time-bound development plans.
• Addressing policy gaps and strengthening local governance mechanisms.

 
 
Why in news?
INS Aravali is a newly commissioned indigenous naval base of the Indian Navy located in Gurugram, Haryana, commissioned on 12th September 2025. 
 
Key Features and Role

• Strategic Base: INS Aravali enhances command, control, and Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA), serving as a hub for advanced information and communication networks critical for real-time surveillance and security.
• Tech-Driven Operations: It is the central node for coordination among various maritime stakeholders, technological superiority pursuits.
• Multi-Agency Collaboration: The facility hosts collaborative operations with maritime, security, and intelligence agencies, fostering data-sharing and integrated defense capabilities.
• Symbolic Crest: Named after the resilient Aravali mountain range, its crest features a mountain and a rising sun, signifying strength, vigilance, and technological advancement.
• Motto: Guided by ’ (“Maritime Security through Collaboration”), reflecting its role as a cooperative and innovation-driven centre.

• It is a key node in the National Maritime Domain Awareness (NMDA) project aimed at real-time data collection, analysis, and sharing with maritime stakeholders and security agencies, turning it into a multi-agency NDMA center.

INS Aravali represents a modern naval base concept focused on information technology and inter-agency cooperation, marking a transformational shift in India’s maritime security strategy.


 
Why in news?
Amity University, Noida on September 11, 2025 the successfully concluded Purple Fest 2025.
 
About Purple Fest

• It is organized by the Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities (DePwD), under the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, as well as state bodies such as the Goa State Commission for Persons with Disabilities.
• The color purple symbolizes power, dignity, and independence, aligning with the goals of the disability rights movement.
• Create awareness about the challenges faced by persons with disabilities and promote disability-sensitive language and attitudes.
• Empower persons with disabilities by providing a platform to showcase talents in arts, sports, and entrepreneurship.
• Aligns with government schemes like the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (RPWD) Act and various welfare initiatives.
• Facilitate collaboration between government, corporate partners, NGOs, and the community to foster accessibility and economic empowerment.
• In October an inclusive global event to be held in Panaji, Goa, promoting universal design and inclusive thinking.

 
 
Why in news?
The first-ever Green Hydrogen R&D Conference was held in New Delhi in September 2025, gathering top scientists, industry experts, startups, and policymakers where the government announced a ?100 crore initiative to support startups working on hydrogen production, storage, transport, and utilization technologies. 
 
About Green hydrogen

• Green hydrogen is hydrogen produced by splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen using electricity generated entirely from renewable sources like solar or wind power.
• This process, called electrolysis, results in minimal greenhouse gas emissions, making green hydrogen a key technology for reducing carbon emissions and fossil fuel dependence.

Production

• Green hydrogen is primarily produced by water electrolysis powered by renewable energy.
• The main electrolyzer types include alkaline, proton exchange membrane (PEM), solid oxide, and anion exchange membrane electrolyzers, each with unique advantages.
• Alternative experimental methods include photoelectrochemical splitting and biological hydrogen production.

Uses

• Green hydrogen is vital for decarbonizing sectors hard to electrify directly, such as:
• Heavy industries (steel, cement, chemicals)
• Shipping and aviation (fuel or synthetic fuels like ammonia, methanol)
• Long-duration energy and seasonal storage
• Industrial feedstock replacing fossil fuels

Market and Costs

• As of 2024, green hydrogen production costs are 1.5 to 6 times higher than fossil fuel-based hydrogen but are expected to decline due to falling renewable electricity and electrolyzer costs.
• Globally, less than 0.1% of hydrogen is green hydrogen, but the market is growing quickly as governments and industry invest.

India’s National Green Hydrogen Mission
India aims to become a global hub for green hydrogen production, usage, and export through its National Green Hydrogen Mission. The mission targets:

• 5 million metric tonnes of green hydrogen production by 2030
• Significant decarbonization and reduced fossil fuel imports
• Supporting domestic demand and exports through policy, demand aggregation, and certifications
• Encouraging technology leadership and market creation
• The mission also includes developing a regulatory framework for certifying green hydrogen and derivatives (like green ammonia) produced from renewable sources.

Green hydrogen represents a promising, clean alternative fuel and industrial feedstock that can play a crucial role in global decarbonization and energy transitions, including in India where strategic missions promote its rapid development and adoption.
 
 
   
Why in news?
The Jharkhand High Court in September 2025 ordered the state government to frame and enforce the PESA (Panchayats Extension to Scheduled Areas) rules by early September, reflecting judicial activism to protect tribal rights and self-governance under the Act.

Overview

• PESA applies to Scheduled Areas defined under the Fifth Schedule of the Indian Constitution, predominantly inhabited by tribal populations.
• It extends the provisions of Part IX of the Constitution (relating to Panchayats) to Scheduled Areas, while uniquely respecting tribal customs and governance.
• The Act mandates Gram Sabhas (village assemblies) as the key decision-making bodies for local governance in tribal areas.

Key Features of PESA Act

• Establishes the Gram Sabha as the main decision-making body for local governance, responsible for protecting tribal traditions, resolving disputes, and managing common properties.
• Mandates that the Gram Sabha must be consulted before land acquisition or development projects.
• Grants powers to the Gram Sabha over minor forest produce, local markets, liquor control, and tribal welfare activities.
• Ensures Gram Sabhas control local development plans and funds.
• Seeks to protect tribal land rights and cultural identity.
• Requires states with Scheduled Areas to amend Panchayati Raj Acts to incorporate PESA provisions.

Objectives and Rationale

• Enable greater tribal self-rule and autonomy in Fifth Schedule areas.
• Protect the rights of tribal communities against exploitation and displacement.
• Promote decentralized decision-making based on traditional governance practices.
• Preserve tribal culture, social justice, and natural resources management.

Challenges

• Limited awareness among tribal communities about their rights under PESA.
• Conflicts with other laws like Forest Rights Act and Wildlife Protection Act complicate implementation.
• Political interference and lack of trained personnel hinder full enforcement.
• Coverage limited only to Scheduled Areas, excluding many tribal populations outside these zones.

Relationship with Other Laws

• Works in conjunction with the Fifth Schedule and the Forest Rights Act (2006) focusing on protection and governance by Gram Sabhas.
• Unlike the 73rd Amendment, which makes transfer of powers to Panchayats optional, PESA mandates certain powers be transferred to local tribal institutions.

 
   
Why in news?
The Lanza-N 3D naval radar, developed jointly by Tata Advanced Systems Limited (TASL) and the Spanish defense firm Indra, has recently been commissioned by the Indian Navy aboard a warship, marking its first operational deployment outside Spain. 

Key points about the Lanza-N radar:

• It is the first time the Lanza-N radar is operational outside Spain, marking a milestone in India's defense technology self-reliance.
• The radar is designed to operate effectively in challenging environments like the high humidity and extreme heat found in the Indian Ocean region.
• It can detect a wide range of threats, including drones, supersonic fighters, anti-radiation missiles, and all types of naval platforms.
• The Lanza-N radar has been integrated on Indian Navy warships following sea trials that tested its performance against various aerial and naval targets.
• Tata Advanced Systems has established a radar assembly, integration, and testing facility in Karnataka to support ongoing production and accelerate deliveries.
• The radar system features a solid-state pulsed design and includes integration for Secondary Surveillance Radar (IFF/SSR).
• It provides a 360-degree rotation every 10 seconds and can detect targets at altitudes up to 100,000 feet, with a range extending up to 474 kilometers for the land version.
• The radar forms part of a contract signed in 2020, where Indra supplied key systems and elements, and TASL is responsible for local assembly, integration, and further deliveries.

The Lanza-N significantly boosts Indian naval air surveillance capabilities with a state-of-the-art technological package tailored to regional operational needs, enhancing situational awareness and threat detection for naval defense.
 

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