Daily Current Affairs 2025  

09/09/2025

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CA-09/09/2025

 
Why in news?
President Droupadi Murmu met eminent tribal leaders at Rashtrapati Bhavan as part of the final session of a series under the Adi Karmayogi Abhiyan.

About Adi Karmayogi Abhiyan 
Adi Karmayogi Abhiyan is a national movement launched by the Ministry of Tribal Affairs in July 2025 to empower tribal communities through decentralized leadership, robust capacity building, and convergence of development initiatives across India’s tribal regions.
 
Leadership Structure

• Adi Karmayogi: Government officers (IAS, IPS, IFS, District Collectors, BDOs) leading responsive governance at state, district, block, and panchayat levels.
• Adi Sahyogi: Motivated service providers including youth, teachers, doctors, and Anganwadi workers bridging education, health, and innovation gaps.
• Adi Saathi: SHG members, tribal elders, and villagers anchoring grassroots mobilization, tradition preservation, and community participation.

Key Objectives

• Training and Mobilization: Train 20 lakh tribal leaders for leadership and last-mile delivery.
• Adi Sewa Kendras: Establish 1 lakh single-window tribal service centres in villages.
• Participatory Planning: Implement Village Vision 2030 and locally crafted development blueprints for tribal regions.
• Convergence: Ensure integration of flagship initiatives like PM-JANMAN, Dharti Aaba Janjatiya Gram Utkarsh Abhiyan, and the National Sickle Cell Elimination Mission with local efforts.

Implementation and Governance

• Multi-tiered Training Structure: Regional, State, District, and Block-level master trainers, with 6 Regional Process Labs anchoring training and capacity building.
• Digital Platform: The Adi Karmayogi portal enables registration, training, real-time tracking, micro-planning, grievance redressal, and monitoring.
• Mentorship: Eminent experts, retired officers, tribal elders, and Padma awardees mentor change leaders.
• Eligible participants: Government officers, motivated youth, teachers, doctors, SHG members, tribal elders, and community leaders can register on the Adi Karmayogi portal.

This movement represents a transformational shift in tribal governance—emphasizing dignity, responsive service delivery, and sustainable development rooted in local leadership and tradition.
 
   
Why in news?
Recently Vice Presidential election took place on September 9, 2025, with CP Radhakrishnan elected as the 15th Vice President following the resignation of Jagdeep Dhankhar due to health concerns.
 
Constitutional Provisions & Election Process

• The Vice President is elected by an electoral college comprising elected and nominated members of both Houses of Parliament.
• Voting uses the system of proportional representation by means of a single transferable vote and is conducted by secret ballot.
• A candidate must be proposed by at least 20 MPs and seconded by another 20 MPs; also must deposit ?15,000 as security.
• Eligibility criteria: Indian citizen, at least 35 years old, eligible for Rajya Sabha membership, not holding any office of profit under government.

Election Procedures

• The election is overseen by the Election Commission of India, and the Returning Officer is usually the Secretary-General of a Parliament House.
• The Vice President serves a five-year term unless removed or resigns, as per Articles 67 and 68 of the Constitution.

Role and Powers

• The Vice President is the second-highest constitutional office in India, and is ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
• In case of a Presidential vacancy, the Vice President acts as President until a new President is elected.

Removal

• Initiation of removal resolution only in Rajya Sabha.
• Resolution must be passed by an effective majority of all members in Rajya Sabha.
• Lok Sabha must agree by a simple majority.
• 14 days' notice of intention to move the resolution.
• No specific grounds for removal mentioned in the Constitution.
• Supreme Court has jurisdiction over election disputes and can remove the Vice President for malpractices.

 
   
Why in news?
The Government has brought biostimulant products under the stringent regulatory framework of the Fertilizer Control Order (FCO), 1985. This marks a major shift from a previously unregulated market of nearly 30,000 biostimulant products to a controlled environment ensuring quality and safety.
The stricter regulations require all biostimulant products to undergo bio-efficacy trials and testing at government-approved institutions such as the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and affiliated universities. This is to ensure scientific validation of biostimulant claims before market approval.
 
About Biostimulant

• Biostimulant are substances or microorganisms applied to plants or soil to stimulate natural processes that enhance nutrient uptake, nutrient use efficiency, stress tolerance, crop quality, and yield independently of the product’s nutrient content.
• They are distinct from fertilizers and pesticides, focusing mainly on improving plant vigor and resilience rather than directly supplying nutrients or controlling pests.

Types of Biostimulant

• Protein Hydrolysates and Amino Acids: Derived from hydrolysis of proteins, provide essential amino acids that stimulate root growth and nutrient absorption.
• Humic and Fulvic Acids: Organic compounds that improve soil health, nutrient availability, and microbial activity.
• Seaweed Extracts and Botanicals: Rich in bioactive compounds that aid water retention and improve plant vigor.
• Beneficial Microorganisms: Including bacteria and fungi that promote root growth and nutrient assimilation.
• Chitosan and Biopolymers: Derived from chitin, help plants tolerate stress.
• Inorganic Compounds: Elements like silica and selenium that strengthen plants.

Benefits of Biostimulant Products

• Enhance nutrient use efficiency and uptake.
• Improve tolerance to abiotic stresses (drought, salinity, temperature).
• Boost crop yield, quality, and overall plant health.
• Support sustainable agriculture by reducing reliance on chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

Concern regarding recent regulations
These regulatory changes have raised compliance costs and operational challenges, particularly for small and medium biostimulant manufacturers, with warnings that many may be forced out of business due to the stringent norms and testing requirements.
 
 
   
Why in news?
A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed on September 9, 2025, between Coal India Limited (CIL) and the National Scheduled Tribes Finance and Development Corporation (NSTFDC) to empower tribal students enrolled in EMRS. 

• The initiative focuses on enhancing digital access, career mentorship, menstrual hygiene, and teacher capacity building for tribal youth across the country.
• This project aims to bridge gaps in learning, health, and livelihoods of tribal communities around mining areas, targeting over 30,000 tribal students from EMRS.

About Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS) 
EMRS is centre’s initiative focused on providing quality residential education chiefly to Scheduled Tribe (ST) students in remote and tribal areas. These schools span from Class VI to Class XII and offer free education, including boarding and lodging.
 
Overview and Objectives

• EMRSs were launched in 1997-98 by the Ministry of Tribal Affairs to bridge the educational gap between tribal and non-tribal populations.
• The objective is to provide holistic development encompassing academics, sports, culture, and skill training, empowering students to become change agents in their communities.
• The schools emphasize preservation of local art and culture along with modern education, providing a stress-free and technology-enabled learning environment.

 
   
Why in news?
The Employees’ State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) has launched two major initiatives for 2025: SPREE-2025 and the Amnesty Scheme-2025.
 
SPREE 2025 (Scheme for Promoting Registration of Employers and Employees)

• Purpose: To increase social security coverage by encouraging registration of unregistered employers and employees under the Employees’ State Insurance (ESI) Act.
• Operational Period: From 1st July 2025 to 31st December 2025.
• Eligibility: Employers of factories or establishments with 10 or more employees not registered under ESI, including temporary, casual, and contractual workers.
• Registration: Can be done digitally through ESIC Portal, Shram Suvidha Portal, and MCA Portal.

Key Benefits:

• No demand for past dues before registration.
• No inspections or penalties for the pre-registration period.
• Registration coverage is from the date declared by the employer.
• Employees get immediate ESI health and social security benefits post-registration.
• Focus: Voluntary compliance and reducing litigation burden for employers.
• Goal: Expand social security to more workers and simplify compliance for industries.

Amnesty Scheme 2025

• Purpose: One-time dispute resolution initiative aimed at reducing pending litigation and promoting compliance under the ESI Act.
• Operational Period: From 1st October 2025 to 30th September 2026.
• Coverage: Allows employers to resolve disputes related to damages, interest, and coverage outside courts.

Features:

• Enables withdrawal of court cases with authority given to Regional Directors and Sub-Regional Officers for processing.
• Provides relief by settling pending ESIC disputes through out-of-court settlements.
• Reduces legal burdens and supports ease of doing business.
• Background: As of March 2025, around 27,000 ESI Act cases were pending in courts.
• Aim: To promote timely compliance, reduce litigation, and improve social security delivery to employees.

Both schemes represent efforts to strengthen social security, encourage voluntary registration, reduce disputes, and foster cooperation between employers and employees in India’s labor ecosystem.
 
 

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