Why in News?
Recent large studies suggest the common Epstein‑Barr virus (which causes “mono”) may trigger lupus by turning the immune system against the body’s own cells; this is being called a major mechanistic advance.
Types of Lupus
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): The most common and serious form, affecting multiple organs.
- Cutaneous Lupus: Primarily affects the skin, often causing rashes or lesions.
- Drug-Induced Lupus: Triggered by specific prescription medications; symptoms usually disappear when the drug is stopped.
- Neonatal Lupus: A rare condition affecting infants of women with lupus.
Common Symptoms
- Butterfly Rash: A signature red rash across the cheeks and bridge of the nose.
- Joint Issues: Pain, stiffness, and swelling, often worse in the morning.
- Extreme Fatigue: Debilitating exhaustion that does not improve with rest.
- Photosensitivity: Sensitivity to sunlight that can trigger skin lesions or internal "flares".
- Diagnosis: Often called the "Great Imitator" because its symptoms mimic other diseases. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical exams, and blood tests like the Antinuclear Antibody (ANA) test.
- Demographics: 90% of cases occur in women, typically diagnosed between the ages of 15 and 45.
Management
While there is recently no cure, it is managed through:
- Medications: Anti-inflammatories, antimalarials (like hydroxychloroquine), and immunosuppressants.
- Lifestyle: Sun protection, stress management, regular exercise, and a balanced diet.
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