Human Metapneumovirus
Why In News?
Public health officials in the United States, including California and New Jersey, reported a notable uptick in HMPV cases as of early March 2026.
Overview
- hMPV, discovered in 2001, belongs to the Pneumoviridae family (related to RSV) and causes infections worldwide, with most people exposed by age 5.
- It circulates seasonally, often in winter-spring, and is not new or pandemic-threatening despite past alarms (China surges in late 2024/early 2025).
Symptoms
- Common: Cough, fever, runny/stuffy nose, sore throat, wheezing; mild cases resolve in 2-5 days.
- Severe (in vulnerable groups): Shortness of breath, bronchiolitis, pneumonia, high fever, muscle pain, vomiting.
Vulnerable Groups
- Young children (under 5), elderly (over 65), and immunocompromised individuals face higher risks of hospitalization or mechanical ventilation.
Transmission
- Spreads person-to-person via respiratory droplets or contaminated surfaces; thrives in cold weather.
Diagnosis and Treatment
- Tested via PCR in healthcare settings, but often not specifically due to similarity with other viruses.
- No antiviral, vaccine, or cure; supportive care includes rest, fluids, fever reducers; severe cases need hospitalization.
Prevention
- Handwashing, covering coughs, avoiding sick contacts; no targeted measures beyond general respiratory hygiene.
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