Gastroenteritis
Why in news?
A recent study in highlights significant reductions in rotavirus-related gastroenteritis hospitalizations after the introduction of an indigenous rotavirus vaccine across the country, indicating progress in controlling viral gastroenteritis.
Causes of gastroenteritis
- Viral infection, with norovirus and rotavirus being prevalent agents.
- Bacteria such as Campylobacter and Escherichia coli, parasites, and chemical irritants can also cause gastroenteritis.
- It spreads via contaminated food or water, close contact with infected people.
- Inflammation of the stomach and intestines
- Diarrhea , vomiting, stomach cramps, and nausea.
- Fever, chills, muscle aches, headache.
- In children and vulnerable people, severe dehydration is a risk due to fluid loss.
- Most cases resolve without medical treatment; using oral rehydration solutions to prevent dehydration.
- Prevention focuses on hygiene measures such as frequent handwashing, avoiding contaminated food and water, and vaccination (rotavirus vaccine for children).
- Antibiotics are usually not needed except in specific bacterial infections with severe symptoms.
