Arrow-3 Missile Defence System
Why in News?
The Arrow-3 Missile Defence System is recently in the news because Germany has expanded its nationwide air-shield network by planning a second operational Arrow-3 site in the southern province of Bavaria.
About Arrow-3 System
- Joint Venture: Arrow-3 is an advanced anti-ballistic missile system co-developed by Israel (Israel Aerospace Industries) and the United States (Boeing).
- Exo-Atmospheric Shield: It is engineered as a space-flight interceptor, meaning it neutralizes long-range ballistic missiles deep in space, completely outside the Earth's atmosphere.
- Highest Defensive Tier: Within Israel’s multi-layered defence architecture, it occupies the uppermost tier—positioned far above the Iron Dome (short-range) and David's Sling (medium-range).
Key Technical Features
- Hypersonic Speed: The interceptor travels at hypersonic velocities, exceeding five times the speed of sound (Mach 5+).
- Extended Range: It boasts a highly lethal flyout range of up to 2,400 kilometres.
- Interception Altitude: Destroys approaching targets at an altitude of up to 100 kilometres above the ground.
- Two-Stage Rocket: It uses two-stage solid-propellant boosters (a booster and a sustainer) to achieve rapid acceleration.
- Anti-Satellite Potential: Due to its immense speed and outer-space trajectory, experts note the system can double as an anti-satellite weapon.
How Does it Work?
- Hit-to-Kill Technology: The system does not use explosive warheads. It relies strictly on kinetic energy, destroying the enemy missile through a high-speed, direct physical collision.
- Debris Reduction: Intercepting toxic, chemical, or conventional payloads in space prevents hazardous materials or submunitions from raining down on populated ground zones.
- Advanced Tracking: The missile features a pivoting seeker head with state-of-the-art electro-optical sensors to map targets mid-flight.
- Thrust Vector Control: The system uses a single pivoting rear thruster to change direction sharply in space, correcting for radar inaccuracies to track maneuvering targets flawlessly.
- System Elements: Each operational system operates via a Citron Tree Battle Management Centre, Super Green Pine fire control radar, and a Hazelnut Tree Launch Control Centre.
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