AMRUT 2.0 and CITIIS 2.0
Why in News?
AMRUT 2.0 and CITIIS 2.0 are in the news because the Government of India has ramped up their implementation to accelerate urban climate resilience, marking significant milestones like the 10-year review of the broader AMRUT framework and launching the "Jal Hi AMRIT" initiative to incentivize efficient sewage treatment.
AMRUT 2.0
- Universal Water Supply: Targets 100% household tap connection coverage across all 4,700+ statutory towns in India.
- Sewerage Management: Aims for 100% coverage of sewerage and septage management in the 500 core AMRUT cities.
- Circular Water Economy: Focuses on recycling and reusing treated municipal wastewater to meet 20% of urban water demand and 40% of industrial demand.
- Natural Rejuvenation: Mandates the physical revival of local water bodies, lakes, and urban aquifers to naturally replenish fresh water tables.
- Total Outlay: Operates on an indicative budget of ₹2,99,000 crore, with a central share of ₹76,760 crore spanning from FY 2021-22 to FY 2025-26.
- Funding Flow: Central funds are routed straight to State/UT governments based on project milestones via State Water Action Plans (SWAP), rather than directly to local bodies.
- Public-Private Partnerships (PPP): Mandates that million-plus population cities execute at least 10% of their total project allocation value through PPP models.
- Pey Jal Survekshan: A dynamic verification survey that evaluates equitable water distribution, wastewater reuse quality, and maps existing water assets.
- Technology Sub-Mission: Deploys global tech innovations, including SCADA systems, IoT-based smart water metering, and GIS asset mapping.
- Urban Governance Reforms: Incentivizes cities to issue municipal bonds, implement digital paperless governance, and lower non-revenue water (water lost to leaks/theft).
CITIIS 2.0
- Circular Economy Focus: Promotes integrated waste management systems at the city level, prioritizing plastic, electronic, and solid waste minimization.
- Climate-Oriented Actions: Helps state-level governance build institutional frameworks to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and counter urban heat island effects.
- Strategic Alignment: Directly backs the National Mission on Sustainable Habitat and helps fulfill India's Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) under global climate pacts.
- International Backing: Co-funded via loans from the French Development Agency (AFD) and KfW (Germany's Development Bank).
- Technical Assistance: Supported by a dedicated technical grant from the European Union (EU) to integrate global best practices.
- Component 1 (City Level): Competitive selection of up to 18 Smart Cities to receive direct financial and technical aid for model circular economy projects.
- Component 2 (State Level): Financial backing to state governments for setting up climate cells, updating building bye-laws, and running capacity-building programs.
- Component 3 (National Level): Institutional strengthening, research, data dissemination, and monitoring handled via the National Institute of Urban Affairs (NIUA).
